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中文核心期刊

超声波作用下气泡的非线性振动

The nonlinear oscillation of bubbles in the ultrasonic field

  • 摘要: Flynn方程在引入泡内气体的压缩性修正后能够更好地描述超声波作用下液体内气泡的非线性振动。我们以此为基础通过数值分析得到了不同初始半径的气泡在同一声场中的振动位移时间图像和相轨迹,发现气泡的运动行为对其初始状态有很强的依赖关系,在频率为26.5 kHz,幅度为1.35 atm的声波作用下,初始半径小于1 μm的气泡作小幅受迫振动,大于200 μm的气泡作小幅准本征振动,不具备空化气泡特征。声场中的小气泡对声波强度变化的反应更为激烈,当增加声强度时,可将一定范围内的小幅受迫振动气泡转化为空化气泡,并且,当驱动声波压力幅值增加时,初始半径越小的气泡的最大位移增加幅度越大。驱动声波频率同样影响气泡的振动。随着声波频率的升高,空化气泡的初始半径取值区间越来越小,空化振荡也越来越弱。本文还通过高速摄影系统对换能器作用于未除气的自来水所引起的变化进行了实验研究,结果表明,超声波作用下液体内的气泡场是一个混合场,场内气泡尺寸呈一定的分布状态,不仅有空化气泡,还有毫米级的大气泡。气泡的运动行为直接影响空化效果。超声空化场是一个复杂的物理场,场内除了有气泡的振动外,还有气泡间的相互吸引、碰撞和结合。

     

    Abstract: The nonlinear oscillation can be described by FlynnEquation when considering the compressibility of inner gas of bubbles. Basedon the model the displacement/the time relation and phase-trajectory ofvibrating bubbles of different initial radii are simulated numerically,which shows that the movements of bubbles depend strongly on the initialconditions in the same sound field. When the driving frequency of 26.5kHzand intensity of 1.35atm is adopted, the bubbles oscillate forcedly withinitial radii are smaller than 1\mu m, while oscillate quasi-intrinsicallywith initial radii larger than 200\mu m. The two kinds of bubbles are notcavitation ones. The changes of smaller bubbles are more intense to thesound intensity. If the sound intensity increases, a restricted range ofbubbles smaller than 1\mu m can become cavitation ones. Furthermore, thesmaller the initial radius is, the larger the increase of maximumdisplacement is. In addition, the driving frequency also affects themovement of bubbles. With the increase of driving frequency, the initialradii range of cavitation bubbles decrease, and the oscillation intensityreduces. The results present that there are three types of bubbles in theultrasonic field: big bubbles oscillated quasi-intrinsically, cavitationbubbles and micro-bubbles oscillated forcedly at the driving frequency. Thesize range of cavitation bubbles is influenced jointly by driving frequencyand pressure amplitude. At the same time, we researched the bubbles field intap water by high speed photography when the ultrasonic transducer isworking. The results show that there is a mixed field, where many bubbleswith different radius are vibrating and moving. Not only cavitation bubblesbut also bubbles with the millimeter scales coexist in the radiation fieldof ultrasonic transducer. The movements of bubbles can affect the intensityof cavitation directly. There is a complex physical field when cavitationcomes into being in the liquid, where bubbles are vibrating, colliding andcombining.

     

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