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中文核心期刊

大城市高架路实测数据分析与交通流模型研究

Measured data analysis of urban expressway and research on traffic flow models

  • 摘要: 对上海市中心延安高架路一个路段交通流进行长时间录像拍摄,提取到``车速-车头间距''有效数据26000余对. 应用该批实测数据,对多种常见交通流速密关系模型进行比较研究后发现,一维管流模型在我国高速道路交通流参数计算中具有优势. 提出采用变参数一维管流模型刻画交通流非线性特征的基本方法.

     

    Abstract: Traffic flow models are important to describe various complex trafficprocedures on highway or road network and to establish intelligence trafficsystems (ITS). Lots of improvement has been made in traditional traffic flowmodels, and many new traffic flow theories have been developed.Generally the formation of a traffic flow model requires massive observationas well as in-depth analysis of real road traffic. Empirical data areindispensable to identifying parameters when the corresponding model isutilized. One of the basic demands of collecting such data is repeatability,that is, a large amount of measuring must be conducted under nearlyidentical circumstances to provide the data and model parameters.It is drawn in this paper that over 26000 ``car velocity-headway distance''data pairs are obtained from the long time video recordings of a section inYanan Expressway of Shanghai with three traffic circumstances: peak hour;low traffic hour; snow day. This way to collect traffic data is differentfrom some traditional methods in which sensors are fixed along the road orburied underground to measure the ``car velocity-traffic flow'' datapairs. The obtained ``velocity-headway distance'' data pairshave better synchronized characteristics and are easy to transform into``velocity-density'' or ``flow-density'' data pairs for further research.After comparison study of manifold well-known traffic flow velocity-densitymodels based on above measuring data, the superiorities of one-dimensionalpipe-flow model are found in calculating thetraffic flow parameters of expressway in our country.Since the key parameter in 1-D pipe-flow model, named traffic behaviorparameter m, can be adjusted, a basic method is proposed to draw thenon-linear characteristics of traffic flow by 1-D pipe-flow model withchanging parameters.

     

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