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中文核心期刊

海上溢油迁移转化的双层数学模型

A two-layer mathematical model for oil spill transport and transformation in the sea

  • 摘要: 海上溢油的双层数学模型将泄漏在海域中的溢油考虑为表层油膜和分布在整个水体中的悬浮油滴两层组成. 采用Lagrangian追踪法模拟油膜的输移扩散.在此方法中,油膜可用大量的小油滴表示,对每个油滴都规定随时间而变化的坐标系,油滴的运动受到风、潮流和周围油的浓度影响. 油的迁移过程包括对流、扩展、湍动扩散、附着在岸边以及沉降到海底等过程. 转化过程包括挥发、溶解、乳化等.此外,光化学反应、生物降解能够改变油的特征以及减小油的污染.该模型可以用于瞬时和连续溢油的情况,不仅可以用于模拟油,也可以模拟其它与油的密度相近的有害物质的泄漏. 水动力学模型采用美国普林斯顿海洋模式(POM).该溢油模型已应用于渤海海峡突发性溢油事故的模拟与预报.

     

    Abstract: A computer model for simulation of oil slick transport inseas by a Lagrangian discrete parcel algorithm is proposed. Oil spilled in awater body, regardless of whether it is originated as a surface or subsurfacespill, consists of a floating surface slick and suspended oildroplets in the water column. In this algorithm the oil slick is viewed as alarge number of small parcels of equal mass and their discrete path and massare followed and recorded as functions of time relative to a reference gridsystem in space. The movement of each parcel in the sea is affected by thewind, water current, and concentration of surrounding parcels. The transport of spilled oil is governed by advection, horizontal spreading,turbulent diffusion, evaporation, dissolution, emulsification, theinteraction of oil with the shoreline, and sedimentation. In addition,photochemical reactions and biodegradation can also affect thecharacters of the oil andreduce the amount of oil over a long period of time. The model simulatesboth continuous and instantaneous oil spills, not only oil spills, butalso ofother toxic matter. American Princeton Ocean Model is applied in thispaper as the hydraulic model. Sample simulations for oil spills in Bohai arepresented.

     

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