TUNABLE CONTROL AND FUNCTIONAL SWITCH OF TRANSMITTED ACOUSTIC WAVES BY AN ARCH-SHAPED METASURFACE
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摘要: 基于“螺丝-螺母”的工作原理, 设计了可调的透射型三通道螺旋单元,通过调节螺丝的旋拧深度来改变声通道的长度, 从而实现对透射声波相位的调节.利用有限元方法计算了单元的透射波相位差和透射系数随频率和旋拧深度的变化规律.在平面广义Snell定律基础上推导了适用于圆弧形曲面的广义Snell定律.设计了圆弧形超表面, 包括弧状和圆环状两种, 实现了对透射声波波前的可调控制.根据所要实现的声学功能和给定的工作频率,利用单元的透射波相位差随旋拧深度的变化规律和圆弧形表面的广义Snell定律,确定超表面上所需的相位分布梯度及每个单元的旋拧深度,并同时考虑透射系数随旋拧深度的变化规律来对单胞旋拧深度进行适当的调整,以保证超表面具有较高的透射率.利用圆弧形超表面实现了宽频范围内声波的定向折射、波束分离和声束聚焦等声学功能的转换;利用圆环形超表面则实现了三向分波、波场螺旋化及源位置虚拟移动等声学功能的转换.同时针对上述功能进行了全波场的有限元数值模拟和相应的声学实验,实验结果与有限元模拟结果吻合良好, 验证了所设计超表面对声波波前调控的有效性.研究结果将为不规则非平面可调声学器件的设计提供理论指导.Abstract: A tunable transmitted three-tunnel helix unit cell is designed based on the working principle of the “screw-nut”. The length of the acoustic tunnel is changed by the screw-in depth of the screw, and then the phase of the transmitted waves can be tuned accordingly. The variations of the phase shift and transmittance of the unit cell with the screw-in depth and frequency are calculated by the finite element method. The generalized Snell's law of an flat surface is extended to an arc-shaped surface in this paper. The arch-shaped and toroidal metasurfaces are designed to regulate the wavefront of the transmitted acoustic wave. According to the presupposed acoustic function and the working frequency, the phase gradient of the metasurface and the screw-in depth of every unit can be determined by the generalized Snell's law of the arc-shaped surface and the variation of the phase shift of the unit cell with the screw-in depth. And the screw-in depth will be modified according to the variation of the transmittance of the unit cell in order to obtain the high transmission. The functional switch between the directional refraction, beam splitting and beam focusing for the arch-shaped metasurface is realized in a broadband frequency region. And the functional switch between the three-way splitting of wave beam, spiral wave generation and virtual movement of the source position is also realized for the toroidal metasurface. The full-field numerical simulations are performed by using the finite element method. And the experimental measurements are also carried out for both arch-shaped and toroidal metasurfaces. The experimental results have a good agreement with the numerical ones, which shows that the metasurfaces we designed are effective for the wavefront modulation of the transmitted acoustic waves. The study in this paper is relevant to the development of tunable irregular non-planar conformal acoustic devices.
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Keywords:
- acoustic metasurface /
- arch-shaped surface /
- tunable /
- broadband /
- functional switch /
- generalized Snell's law
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