ADVANCES IN KEY MECHANICAL PARAMETERS FOR RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF HIGH-SPEED TRAIN BEARINGS
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摘要: 轴承是高速列车牵引传动和轮轴系统的关键零部件. 受列车运行过程中电机转矩、齿轮啮合以及轮轨随机激励的影响,轴承可能发生疲劳破坏, 严重影响高速列车的行车安全.我国特有的复杂运用条件对轴承部件的疲劳性能提出了更高的要求,而轴承疲劳可靠性的基础理论和关键技术是我国轴承正向设计研发中的薄弱环节.可靠性评估方面的相关研究在解决轴承可靠性研究的瓶颈问题中起到了承上启下的关键作用.高速列车轴承可靠性评估手段与技术旨在获得使用环境中轴承可靠性评估的关键力学参量,并以此推动复杂激励下轴承疲劳可靠性理论研究. 因此,需要哪些关键力学参量并且在复杂的实际使用环境下如何去获取这些力学参量是进行高速列车轴承可靠性评估的关键所在.本文首先概述了高速列车轴承所处的复杂使用环境及运用中的主要失效模式,并据此分析了高速列车轴承可靠性评估所需的关键力学参量,强调了轴承内部滚滑行为和载荷分布在可靠性评估和轴承状态监测中的重要作用,之后从计算模型和测试技术等方面系统阐述了针对这两个关键力学参量的研究进展.最后提出了在高速列车轴承可靠性评估关键力学参量特征及测试技术研究中值得关注的若干问题.Abstract: Bearing is the key component of the traction transmission and wheelset systems of high-speed train. It is possible to experience fatigue damage or failure under the influence of traction motor torque, gear meshing and random wheel-rail excitation during the train operation, which seriously threatens the operation safety of high-speed train. The special complex service conditions of high-speed trains in China require higher fatigue performance and reliability for bearing components, however, the fundamental theory and key technology of fatigue performance and reliability are the weak links in the forward design and development of bearing in China. The research on bearing reliability assessment plays a significant connecting role in solving the bottleneck problem of bearing reliability research. The method and technology of reliability assessment for high-speed train bearings aim to obtain the key mechanical parameters for bearing reliability assessment in service environment, and further to promote the fundamental theory research on bearing fatigue performance and reliability under complex internal and external excitations. Therefore, the key is to identify what mechanical parameters are required for reliability assessment of high-speed train bearings and how to obtain them in such a complex service environment. In this article, the complex service environment and main failure modes of high-speed train bearings during the train operation are firstly reviewed. Then, the key mechanical parameters required for the reliability assessment of high-speed train bearings are proposed and analyzed, in which the important roles of internal rolling-sliding behavior and load distribution on bearing reliability assessment and condition monitoring are emphasized. From the aspects of calculation methods and measurement technologies, the advances to obtain those two key mechanical parameters (i.e. the rolling-sliding behavior and load distribution in bearings) are systematically reviewed. Finally, several open problems in the research of reliability assessment of high-speed train bearing are addressed for future studies.
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