Abstract: ：The vibration response of the structure is of great importance for detecting the damage inside the structure. Based on the difference between the measured response of sensors at different positions in the real structure and the nondestructive structure, the different weights of each sensor are defined, and the damage indexes at different positions in the structure are constructed. In this paper, dynamic extended finite element method combined with level set method is used to describe the internal defects of the structure to avoid grid redivision in iterative computation. After obtaining the weights of sensors at different positions, the traditional linear weights are replaced by the nonlinear weights depending on the comparing the traditional linear weight with threshold value, in order to reduce and amplify the weight value at different locations. The double-cubic interpolation is introduced to obtain the damage index and its distribution of the structure, the number of defects and their potential areas are identified with interpolation imaging technology. In the process of inversion using intelligent algorithms, the unnecessary sensors are removed at first and the weighting coefficients are introduced to improve the objective function for accurate inversion. The analysis of several examples indicates that the damage index method can obtain the specific number and preliminary position information of defects through forward modeling quickly when the number of defects is unknown, and the objective function inverse analysis method with weighting coefficient can reach the convergence faster and obtain the precise location of defects more efficiently than those in the previous intelligent algorithms. In order to further prove the feasibility and application prospect of the model, we use the model presented in this paper to detect the defects of reinforced concrete slab with two circular holes, and the good inversion results are shown that the proposed model is feasible and has certain engineering significance.