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猪肝动态力学性能及本构模型研究

RESEARCH ON DYNAMIC MECHANICAL RESPONSE AND CONSTITUTIVE MODEL OF PORCINE LIVER

  • 摘要: 在交通事故中,腹部器官常因冲击载荷作用而受到伤害,严重时甚至危及生命.肝损伤是腹部损伤中最为常见的一种,致死率很高,了解肝脏的动态力学性能对于事故中肝脏的损伤评估及防护设计有着重要的意义.从新鲜的猪肝组织中取肝实质部分制作试样,利用英斯特朗材料试验机对其进行两种加载率(0.004 s-1,0.04 s-1)和两种加载方向(垂直肝脏表面和平行于肝脏表面)的准静态压缩试验,并压缩至破坏.利用改进的分离式霍普金森压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)实验装置沿平行于肝脏表面方向进行三种高应变率(1 300 s-1,2 400 s-1,4 500 s-1)的动态压缩试验.结果表明:所有应变率下的猪肝压缩应力应变曲线都呈非线性凹向上特征,初始阶段应力值很低,应变约30%后应力幅值显著增大;准静态压缩时,两种应变率(0.004 s-1,0.04 s-1)和两种加载方向下肝脏组织破坏应力和破坏应变等力学性能无显著不同,平均破坏应变为48%,平均破坏应力为0.45 MPa.高应变率下肝脏组织的流动应力明显高于准静态下的流动应力,表现出一定的率敏感性.采用Yeoh型超弹性本构模型描述猪肝组织准静态力学性能,基于黏超弹性模型理论,提出了一个能描述肝脏组织从低应变率到高应变率范围力学性能的率相关本构模型,该模型与实验结果有很好的一致性.

     

    Abstract: Impact-induced injuries to the abdominal organs appear frequently in traffic accidents and even cause serious life-threatening. The liver is one of the most vulnerable abdominal organs, leading to high mortality rate. An understanding of the dynamic mechanical behaviors of the liver could aid in the design of the safety equipment to effectively reduce the occurrence of liver injury. The specimens of liver parenchyma were harvested from the fresh porcine livers. The Instron material testing machine was used to obtain the quasi-static responses up to the point of failure at the two strain rates (0.004 s-1 and 0.04 s-1) and two loading directions (perpendicular and parallel directions to the liver surface). The high strain rate (1 300 s-1, 2 400 s-1, 4 500 s-1) experiments were performed using the modified SHPB equipment along the liver surface. The results show that all stress-strain curves are nonlinear and concave upward. Stress level of curves is very low at the initial stage up to about 30% strain, and then increases steeply. No significant differences in the failure stress (about 0.45 MPa) and strain (about 48%) were observed for two loading rates and directions at quasi-static tests. However, it was found that the liver tissue became much stiffer at high strain rates than at quasi-static rates, indicating the strain rate dependence. The Yeoh hyperelastic material model was used to characterize the mechanical behaviors of the liver at quasi-static loading. Based on an improved visco-hyperelastic model, a rate-dependent constitutive model was proposed to describe the responses of the liver from the low strain rates to high strain rates. The model is found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental results.

     

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