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仿雨燕三角翼前缘斜切气动特性与涡流效应计算研究

A COMPUTATIONAL STUDY ON AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND VORTEX EFFECTS OF LEADING-EDGE BEVEL IN SWIFT-INSPIRED DELTA WINGS

  • 摘要: 在前期对仿雨燕三角翼布局前缘钝度气动效应的研究基础上, 为了定量对比研究三角翼前缘斜切角的气动效应, 明确前缘斜切角对仿生三角翼气动性能的调控机制, 设计一组具有不同前缘斜切角(β = 0°, ± 30°, ± 60°)的中等后掠(Λ = 50°)仿雨燕三角翼, 采用数值模拟方法详细地对比了低雷诺数(Re = 1.58 × 104, 3.16 × 104, 6.55 × 104)流动情况下前缘涡涡流结构和总体气动力随迎角(α = 0° ~ 30°)的演化规律, 重点分析前缘斜切角与雷诺数对气动特性的耦合影响, 探究二者协同作用下的气动性能变化机制. 分析结果表明, 前缘斜切角可显著改变仿生三角翼前缘涡强度与涡破裂位置, 进而对整体气动效率产生明显影响. 前缘斜切能有效提升前缘涡强度, 其中正斜切对涡强度的增强效果更为突出; 正斜切构型会促使前缘涡破裂位置向上游前移, 负斜切构型则可有效抑制涡破裂发展, 使破裂位置沿流向延后. 正斜切角构型可使前缘下表面压力升高, 涡流强度更大, 在小迎角工况增升效果更为突出. 负斜切角构型能有效抑制翼面过早流动分离, 减小压差阻力, 在大迎角工况下展现出更优的气动效率与稳定性. 在本研究设定的雷诺数范围内, 雷诺数越高, 黏性效应相对越弱, 前缘涡结构稳定性越强, 三角翼布局的整体升力与气动效率随之提升. 本文的研究结论不仅进一步完善了低雷诺数下仿生三角翼的气动特性研究, 还可以为揭示鸟类的高效飞行机理、未来开展微型仿生飞行器的总体气动设计与性能优化提供理论依据与数据支撑.

     

    Abstract: Based on our previous studies on the aerodynamic effects of leading-edge bluntness of swift-like delta wings, a group of bio-inspired non-slender delta wings (Λ = 50°) with different leading-edge bevel angles (β = 0°, ± 30°, ± 60°) are designed to quantitatively investigate the aerodynamic effects of the leading-edge bevel and clarify its regulation mechanism on the aerodynamic performance of bio-inspired delta wings. Numerical simulations were carried out to systematically examine the evolution of leading-edge vortex structures and overall aerodynamic forces with angle of attack (α = 0° ~ 30°) under low Reynolds number conditions (Re = 1.58 × 104, 3.16 × 104, 6.55 × 104), with emphasis on the coupled effects of leading-edge bevel angle and Reynolds number on aerodynamic characteristics. The results show that the leading-edge bevel angle can significantly alter the strength and breakdown location of leading-edge vortices over the bio-inspired delta wing configurations, thereby exerting a pronounced influence on overall aerodynamic efficiency. Both types of beveling can effectively enhance the leading-edge vortex intensity, among which the positive bevel angle yields a more prominent strengthening effect. The positive bevel angle promotes an upstream shift of the leading-edge vortex breakdown position, while the negative bevel angle effectively suppresses the development of vortex breakdown and delays the breakdown location along the streamwise direction. Specifically, the configurations with positive bevel angle increase the pressure on the lower leading-edge surface and strengthen the vortex intensity, leading to more pronounced lift enhancement at small angles of attack. In contrast, the configurations with negative bevel angle effectively suppress premature flow separation over the wing surface and reduce pressure drag, and demonstrate better aerodynamic efficiency and stability under high angle of attack conditions. Within the Reynolds number range considered in the numerical simulations of the present study, a higher Reynolds number corresponds to weaker relative viscous effects and stronger leading-edge vortex stability, which improves the overall lift and aerodynamic efficiency of the delta wing. The conclusions of this work not only further enrich the research on aerodynamic characteristics of bio-inspired delta wings at low Reynolds numbers, but also provide theoretical basis and data support for revealing the high-efficiency flight mechanism of birds and guiding the overall aerodynamic design and performance optimization of micro bio-inspired aerial vehicles in the near future.

     

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