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中文核心期刊

横流作用下水下非对称喷管射流的偏转与掺混特性研究

INVESTIGATION ON THE DEFLECTION AND MIXING MECHANISMS OF UNDERWATER JETS FROM A SCARFED NOZZLE UNDER CROSSFLOW

  • 摘要: 非对称喷管是一类扩张段经斜切设计的收敛-扩张喷管, 通过喷出超声速气体射流可用于产生侧向推力. 为了探究水下不同航速下非对称喷管流动特征, 针对横流速度弗劳德数(Froude number)Fr = 17.11 ~ 42.78范围内的流场开展了数值模拟, 系统分析了气液两相结构的演化、时均流动特性和充分发展条件下的射流流动特征, 考察了流场压力分布和可压缩波系动态演化, 探讨了横流速度对射流压力动态演化和壁面压力载荷的特性影响, 并基于密度梯度揭示了射流内波系的分布特性以及横流速度的影响机制. 研究表明: 横流速度通过改变压差特性和气液界面剪切特性, 使得流场主导因素转变: 低横流速度下, 射流的出口动量通量显著高于来流, 流场由射流惯性效应主导, 射流穿透横流的深度较大并且产生了大范围羽流; 随横流速度增大, 来流动量通量逐渐占据优势, 流场演化为由横流惯性效应主导, 压力梯度作用下喷流形态转变为贴壁气体通道且气液界面失稳位置延后. 本研究条件下, 横流速度提高会将喷管由欠膨胀状态转变为过膨胀状态, 超声速射流对界面的剪切作用会导致气液界面的夹带以及内部波系的非定常振荡, 揭示了横流对非对称喷管内部波系结构和工作模态的直接调控作用, 为横流下非对称喷管流动机理提供了新认识.

     

    Abstract: An asymmetric nozzle is a type of convergent-divergent nozzle in which the divergent section is terminated by a scarfed cut, endowing it with the capability of generating lateral thrust for propulsion or attitude control. To investigate the flow characteristics of such a nozzle under different navigation speeds in an underwater crossflow environment, three-dimensional unsteady numerical simulations were conducted over a range of crossflow velocities corresponding to Froude numbers Fr = 17.11-42.78. The evolution of the gas-liquid two-phase structures, the time-averaged flow features, and the jet behavior under fully developed conditions were systematically analyzed. Particular emphasis was placed on the spatial distribution of the pressure field, the dynamic evolution of the compressible wave structures, and the influence of crossflow velocity on the time-frequency characteristics of both transient pressure fluctuations and wall pressure loading. Furthermore, the distribution of wave patterns within the jet and its dependence on crossflow velocity were elucidated based on density gradient analysis. The results demonstrate that by modifying the local pressure differential across the gas-liquid interface and the interfacial shear stress exerted by the crossflow, the crossflow velocity induces a transition in the dominant factor governing the flow field. At low crossflow velocities, the jet momentum dominates over the crossflow inertial force, enabling the supersonic jet to penetrate deeply into the liquid crossflow and generate a broad, large-scale plume, accompanied by pronounced interfacial instability and intense mixing. As the crossflow velocity increases, the liquid inertial force becomes dominant; the resulting pressure gradient compresses the jet, transforming its morphology into a thin, wall-attached gaseous channel, while the onset of interfacial instability is substantially postponed. Concurrently, the elevated crossflow velocity increases the back pressure at the nozzle exit, driving a transition from an under-expanded to an over-expanded flow condition. The shear exerted by the supersonic gas jet on the interface leads to continuous gas-liquid entrainment and unsteady oscillations of the internal wave system. These findings reveal the direct modulation of the crossflow on the internal wave structure and operating mode of the asymmetric nozzle, offering new insights into the flow physics of a scarfed nozzle subjected to a liquid crossflow.

     

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