高超声速多体飞行器可控级间分离试验技术研究
RESEARCH ON CONTROLLABLE STAGE-SEPARATION TESTING TECHNOLOGY FOR HYPERSONIC MULTI-BODY VEHICLES
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摘要: 高超声速多体飞行器在级间分离过程中遭遇高瞬态、强干扰流场, 舵面效率呈显著非线性, 诱发气动-运动-控制紧耦合难题, 现阶段仍缺乏可重复的地面试验手段支撑可控级间分离研究. 本文构建并验证了一套融合“连续网格测力-干扰舵效高精度建模-舵面动态偏转”的可控级间分离试验技术. 首先, 采用连续网格测力模式以2 mm步长获取高致密干扰舵效数据库, 结合面积加权二维插值方法, 对干扰舵效开展高精度建模. 其次, 研制一体化的大承载小型舵机, 实现模型舵面真实偏转, 并开发舵面动态偏转与连续双CTS协调控制方法, 最终建立了数据库驱动与真实偏转双模式运行的可控级间分离试验平台. 选取TSTO(两级入轨)标模开展了可控级间分离试验验证, 系统评估舵效建模精度、舵偏模拟方式及控制律引入对分离轨迹的影响. 本研究首次在高超声速风洞中完成了多体飞行器可控级间分离的地面闭环复现, 拓展了高超声速多体分离试验技术体系.Abstract: Hypersonic multi-body vehicles encounter highly transient and strongly interfering flows during stage separation, leading to pronounced nonlinear control-surface effectiveness and inducing a tightly coupled aerodynamic-kineMatic-control problem. At present, no ground-based facility exists that can reproducibly investigate controlled stage separation. This study develops and experimentally validates a controllable stage-separation testing technique that integrates “continuous-grid force measurement, high-fidelity interference-rudder modelling and real-time surface deflection”. First, a 2 mm-step continuous-grid force-measurement mode is employed to establish a high-density interference-rudder effectiveness database; an area-weighted two-dimensional interpolation scheme is then adopted to reconstruct the rudder effectiveness with high accuracy. Second, a compact, high-load actuator integrated into the model is designed to drive genuine surface deflections, and a coordination algorithm synchronising dynamic rudder motion with dual continuous-CTS traverse is developed. These elements constitute a controlled-separation test platform operable in either database-driven or real-deflection mode. BenchMark TSTO configuration tests are conducted to systematically assess the influence of rudder-modelling fidelity, deflection-simulation strategy and control-law implementation on separation trajectory. For the first time, closed-loop, controlled stage separation of a multi-body vehicle is reproduced in a hypersonic wind tunnel, significantly extending the ground-test portfolio for hypersonic multi-body separation.
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