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考虑毛细压力不连续效应的非均质多孔介质两相渗流模型及其在CO2地质封存中的应用

TWO-PHASE FLOW MODEL IN HETEROGENEOUS POROUS MEDIA UNDER CAPILLARY PRESSURE DISCONTINUITY AND ITS APPLICATION TO CO2 GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION

  • 摘要: 在非混相两相渗流过程中, 裂隙介质与非均质多孔介质之间的毛细压力差是决定流体运移路径的关键因素. 孔隙异质性引起的毛细压力函数差异, 使得界面在满足压力连续条件的同时, 伴随显著的饱和度突变, 加剧了地下多相流运移行为的复杂性. 为此, 本文建立了考虑扩展毛细压力效应的可压缩气-水两相渗流模型, 并通过与文献结果的对比验证了模型的准确性与可靠性. 基于该模型, 本文分别对裂隙含水层和非均质各向异性多孔介质含水层中的CO2封存过程进行了数值模拟. 结果表明: 在裂隙含水层中, 毛细压力效应显著影响CO2的滞留和运移, 考虑扩展毛细压力效应后CO2滞留量显著增加, 封存效果增强, 有助于提升长期封存稳定性; 在非均质含水层中, 高渗透区的毛细压力促进了CO2的局部滞留, 在封存后期封存量提升约4.8%, 且CO2空间分布对毛细压力呈现出显著的非线性响应特征. 本研究为在复杂地质条件下评估CO2储存潜力提供了更加准确的理论基础.

     

    Abstract: In the process of immiscible two-phase flow within subsurface reservoirs, the capillary pressure contrast between fractured media and heterogeneous porous media serves as a decisive factor in governing fluid migration pathways. Due to the inherent heterogeneity of pore structures across different lithologies, capillary pressure functions exhibit significant disparities, leading to a profound phenomenon where the saturation field manifests as distinctive jumps or discontinuities at the interface, even while the fundamental condition of capillary pressure continuity is maintained. The abrupt transitions in fluid distribution substantially intensify the nonlinearity and complexity of multiphase flow behavior in subsurface environments. To address these complexities, this study establishes a comprehensive numerical model for compressible gas-water two-phase flow that explicitly incorporates extended capillary pressure effects. The accuracy and robustness of the developed model are validated through detailed comparisons with benchmark solutions reported in the literature. Based on this validated framework, numerical simulations were conducted to evaluate CO2 sequestration processes within both fractured aquifers and heterogeneous anisotropic porous aquifers. The simulation results indicate that in fractured aquifers, capillary pressure effects significantly dictate the dynamics of CO2 retention and migration. Specifically, when the extended capillary pressure effects are considered, the trapped CO2 increases substantially, thereby enhancing the overall sequestration efficiency and contributing to superior long-term storage stability. In the case of heterogeneous aquifers, the capillary pressure gradients within high-permeability zones facilitate localized CO2 entrapment. During the late stages of the sequestration process, the total storage capacity is observed to increase by approximately 4.8%. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of the CO2 plume exhibits a nonlinear response to the capillary pressure, revealing the complex interplay between media heterogeneity and interfacial dynamics. Overall, this research provides a more rigorous and accurate theoretical foundation for assessing CO2 storage potential under complex geological conditions.

     

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