Abstract: The investigation of complex flow field measurements within compressors is of paramount theoretical and practical significance, contributing to a deeper understanding of the internal flow mechanisms, facilitating the optimization of design strategies, and enhancing the overall performance of compressors. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), as a transient flow field velocity measurement technique, presents notable advantages over traditional fluid mechanics measurement methods. It enables non-contact, full-field, and quantitative measurement of spatial flow fields, making it particularly suitable for experimental studies where minimizing contact interference is essential. By providing high-resolution velocity data without perturbing the flow, PIV offers significant potential for widespread application in fluid machinery research, especially for the measurement of flow fields within compressors. This paper addresses the growing need for non-contact, quantitative measurement techniques for internal flows in compressors using PIV. It begins by introducing the fundamental principles of PIV technology and reviewing its development, from 2D planar PIV to 2D-3C volumetric PIV, to 3D-3C tomographic PIV, and finally to light-field PIV. The paper then provides a comprehensive review of both domestic and international research, highlighting practical case studies and recent advancements in the application of various PIV techniques for compressor flow field measurement. Additionally, the study discusses the strengths and limitations of PIV technology and presents a thorough examination of its future prospects in internal flow measurement for compressors, identifying key research areas and opportunities for technological improvement. This research aims to provide valuable theoretical support for the application of PIV technology in compressor internal flow measurements, to explore its evolving role in flow mechanism analysis, and to offer key insights for the ongoing development and refinement of measurement technologies in fluid machinery.