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黄灿, 刘青泉, 王晓亮. 梯级溃坝洪水洪峰增强机制[J]. 力学学报, 2020, 52(3): 645-655. DOI: 10.6052/0459-1879-20-044
引用本文: 黄灿, 刘青泉, 王晓亮. 梯级溃坝洪水洪峰增强机制[J]. 力学学报, 2020, 52(3): 645-655. DOI: 10.6052/0459-1879-20-044
Huang Can, Liu Qingquan, Wang Xiaoliang. MECHANISM OF PEAK DISCHARGE ENHANCEMENT OF CASCADE DAM BREAK FLOODS[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2020, 52(3): 645-655. DOI: 10.6052/0459-1879-20-044
Citation: Huang Can, Liu Qingquan, Wang Xiaoliang. MECHANISM OF PEAK DISCHARGE ENHANCEMENT OF CASCADE DAM BREAK FLOODS[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2020, 52(3): 645-655. DOI: 10.6052/0459-1879-20-044

梯级溃坝洪水洪峰增强机制

MECHANISM OF PEAK DISCHARGE ENHANCEMENT OF CASCADE DAM BREAK FLOODS

  • 摘要: 我国在多条河流上修建了大量梯级水库, 梯级坝溃决诱发洪水大大超过单坝溃决洪水洪峰, 因此亟需加深对梯级坝溃决洪水洪峰增强机制的认识. 本文建立了梯级坝溃决洪水演进过程的一维浅水动力学模型, 发展了一套能捕捉激波、干湿边界和保平衡结构的数值求解方法, 通过大量算例, 系统研究了梯级坝溃决洪水演进过程的质量转化和能量转化机制. 研究结果表明, 梯级溃决中, 上游溃决诱发的洪水大大增大下游水库的质量和动量, 形成一个带动量的水塔, 同时在尾部残留一个动量较大的射流, 不断补充下游坝体溃决后水塔的质量和动量, 持续维持洪峰高度. 根据该射流-水塔机制, 建立了梯级坝溃决洪水演进过程对应的射流-水塔单坝溃决洪水过程等效模型, 该等效模型基本反映了梯级坝溃决诱发洪水的洪峰过程, 并成功预测了多个坝间距为百公里量级的梯级坝溃决洪水洪峰高程和流量, 可望为流域防洪和梯级坝设计提供理论依据.

     

    Abstract: There are many cascade hydropower dams on the main rivers in China. If cascade dam break happens, the peak flood discharge will be greatly enhanced as compared to the single dam break flood. Therefore, it is important to study the mechanism of peak discharge enhancement of cascade dam break floods. In this study, we developed a well-balanced numerical solver for the one-dimensional shallow water flow model with shock and wetting-drying capturing ability, to study the transformation mechanism of mass and energy in cascade dam break flood. A series of simulations with different combinations of upstream and downstream reservoir capacities imply that a jet-water tower mechanism greatly enhances the peak discharge of cascade dam break flood. The upstream dam break flood adds much mass and momentum into the downstream reservoir, and a tailing jet with large momentum behind replenishes additional mass and momentum continuously into the downstream reservoir during the downstream dam breaks. Based on the jet-water tower mechanism, we propose a novel simplified single dam break flood model with jet and water column for cascade dam break flood. Several simulations show that the new model is able to reproduce almost equivalent peak depth and discharge for small-scale cascade dam break floods. Applications for real-scale cascade dam break flow with dam distance of hundreds of kilometers reveal that the equivalent single dam break model could predict the peak water depth and discharge in cascade dam break flood within acceptable errors, which may provide scientific foundations for flood control and design of cascade dams.

     

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