非对称单搭接接头胶层应力近似解析模型
AN APPROXIMATE ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR ADHESIVE-LAYER STRESSES IN ASYMMETRIC SINGLE-LAP JOINTS
-
摘要: 上下搭接板厚度或材料属性不一致会使胶层剪切应力和剥离应力呈非对称分布, 增加单搭接接头应力快速分析的难度. 针对这一问题, 建立一种在保留主要载荷传递机制基础上、适用于工程快速评估的胶层应力近似解析模型. 基于弹性梁理论与弹簧层模型, 建立胶层剪切位移差与横向位移差的耦合控制方程, 并结合Goland-Reissner端部弯矩理论给出偏心载荷下的边界条件. 忽略剪切位移差方程中的非齐次耦合项, 使剪切位移差可先行求解. 进一步利用横向位移差的边界衰减特性构造其左、右端近似解, 得到胶层剪切应力和剥离应力的显式近似表达式. 通过退化至对称接头及与线弹性有限元结果对比验证模型, 并考察胶层厚度、上下搭接板厚度比、材料弹性模量差异和搭接长度对模型精度的影响. 结果表明, 该模型能够较好描述胶层应力的总体分布及端部非对称趋势. 对于剪切应力, 左右端峰值相对误差均低于21%, 搭接主体区归一化均方根误差 (normalized root-mean-square error, NRMSE) 均低于15%. 对于剥离应力, 主体区NRMSE在多数工况下低于15%, 但部分强刚度失衡或短搭接工况下的单侧峰值相对误差超过40%. 该模型在薄胶层、上下搭接板刚度差异较小和较长搭接条件下具有较好的预测精度; 对于强刚度失衡或短搭接接头, 关键端部剥离应力仍需通过有限元方法校核. 作为补充, 理想弹塑性有限元对比表明, 胶层屈服的影响随载荷提高而增强: 较低载荷下主要局限于搭接端部, 较高载荷下则引起端部峰值降低、剪切应力平台及载荷向搭接区内部重新分配. 该模型形式简洁、计算便捷, 可用于非对称单搭接胶接接头的工程快速分析与初步设计.Abstract: Differences in thickness or material properties between the upper and lower adherends produce asymmetric shear and peel stress distributions in the adhesive, complicating rapid assessment of single-lap joints. To address this problem, an approximate analytical model is developed while retaining the principal load-transfer mechanisms. Elastic beam theory and a spring-layer model are used to derive coupled equations for the shear and transverse displacement differences, while eccentric-load boundary conditions are formulated using the Goland-Reissner end-moment theory. The nonhomogeneous coupling term in the shear displacement-difference equation is neglected, allowing the shear displacement difference to be solved first. The boundary-decay property of the transverse displacement-difference solution is then used to construct left- and right-end approximations and obtain explicit shear- and peel-stress expressions. The model is verified against the symmetric-joint limit and linear-elastic finite element results, and evaluated for changes in adhesive thickness, adherend thickness ratio, elastic-modulus mismatch, and overlap length. It captures the overall stress distributions and trends in end asymmetry. For shear stress, the relative errors in peak values at both ends are below 21%, and all normalized root-mean-square errors (NRMSE) over the interior overlap region are below 15%. For peel stress, the interior-region NRMSE is below 15% in most cases, whereas the relative error in a single-end peak exceeds 40% in some strongly mismatched or short-overlap cases. The model is therefore more accurate for thin adhesive layers, small adherend-stiffness mismatch, and long overlaps; critical end peel stresses should be checked by finite element analysis for strongly mismatched or short-overlap joints. Supplementary comparisons with an elastic-perfectly plastic finite element model show load-dependent yielding effects, which remain localized near the overlap ends at lower load but reduce end peaks and produce a shear-stress plateau and redistribution toward the overlap interior at higher load. The model is compact and efficient for rapid engineering analysis and preliminary design of asymmetric adhesively bonded single-lap joints.
下载: