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潜式仿海草柔性水波超结构低频带隙及消波机理研究

LOW-FREQUENCY BANDGAP AND WAVE ATTENUATION MECHANISM OF SUBMERGED BIONIC SEAGRASS-INSPIRED FLEXIBLE WATER WAVE METASTRUCTURES

  • 摘要: 如何灵活有效地操控海洋波浪传播, 降低波浪载荷, 提高浮式海洋装备的安全性和服役性能, 是当前海洋工程领域面临的重要科学问题, 其中深远海超低频高能量长波的调控尤为困难. 针对这一瓶颈, 受海洋柔性植物高效消波性能启发, 本文基于局域共振机理, 提出一种仿海草柔性水波超结构, 该结构由布设于特定水深的柔性梁作为局域振子周期阵列形成. 基于线性波浪理论, 建立了仿生柔性水波超结构振动与水波波动相作用的流固耦合动力学模型, 开发了融合特征函数展开匹配与模态展开半解析混合求解方法, 通过引入速度辅助函数解决薄壁结构尖端计算奇异性问题并加快数值收敛性, 同时开展水槽实验验证理论模型的有效性. 收敛性分析验证了数值方法的准确性, 透射系数计算结果与能量守恒定律及Haskind关系吻合良好. 数值模拟结果表明, 当入射波频率接近局域振子固有频率时, 柔性水波超结构能够形成明显的局域共振带隙, 并诱导波浪能量向局域振子附近聚集. 局域共振带隙位置可通过调节柔性梁厚度等几何参数进行调控, 且与布拉格共振带隙存在耦合效应. 水槽实验结果与理论预测趋势一致, 验证了柔性超结构低频带隙消波的有效性. 实验结果进一步表明, 局域共振发生时, 局域振子尖端附近形成明显的涡旋结构, 并伴随显著的能量耗散现象. 通过设计柔性梁局域振子的刚度参数, 可实现目标低频段带隙的设计与调控, 为海洋结构消波防浪提供了一种新颖且有前景的解决思路.

     

    Abstract: Effectively controlling ocean wave propagation, reducing wave-induced loads, and improving the safety and service performance of floating marine structures remain critical scientific challenges in the field of ocean engineering. In particular, the control of ultra-low-frequency, high-energy long waves in deep and far seas is especially difficult. To address this bottleneck, a bionic seagrass-like flexible water-wave metastructure is proposed in this paper, inspired by the efficient wave attenuation performance of marine flexible vegetation and drawing upon the local resonance mechanism. The metastructure consists of a periodic array of flexible beams deployed at a prescribed water depth, each serving as a local resonator. Based on the linear wave theory, a fluid-structure interaction dynamic model is established to characterize the interaction between the vibrations of the bionic flexible water-wave metastructure and the water wave motions. A semi-analytical hybrid analysis method combining eigenfunction expansion matching and modal expansion is developed, in which velocity auxiliary functions are introduced to resolve the computational singularity at the tip of thin-walled structures and to accelerate numerical convergence. Wave flume experiments are also conducted to validate the theoretical model. Convergence analysis verifies the accuracy of the numerical method, and the calculated transmission coefficients are found to be in good agreement with the energy conservation law and the Haskind relation. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the flexible water-wave metastructure can open a pronounced local resonance bandgap when the incident wave frequency approaches the natural frequency of the local resonators, accompanied by wave energy concentration near the resonator. The bandgap position can be flexibly tuned by adjusting geometric parameters such as the beam thickness, and it exhibits coupling effects with Bragg resonance bandgap. Experimental results are consistent with theoretical predictions, confirming the effectiveness of the flexible metastructure in low-frequency wave attenuation. Furthermore, the experiments reveal that during local resonance, distinct vortex structures form around the resonator tips, accompanied by significant energy dissipation. By tuning the stiffness of the flexible beam resonators, target low-frequency bandgaps can be effectively designed and regulated. The proposed metastructure provides a novel and promising approach for low-frequency wave attenuation and the protection of marine structures.

     

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