CIRCULATION CONTROL ON WIND TURBINE AIRFOIL WITH BLUNT TRAILING EDGE

doi:10.6052/0459-1879-18-164

Abstract

Abstract:

The blunt trailing edge wind turbine airfoil has the advantages of high structural strength and insensitive to surface contamination, but its larger drag coefficient makes the aerodynamic characteristics of the blunt trailing edge wind turbine airfoil unsatisfactory. The circulation control method is implemented on a blunt trailing edge wind turbine airfoil in order to improve the aerodynamic characteristics of the blunt trailing edge wind turbine airfoil, and weaken the strength of the shed vortex. The circulation control on a blunt trailing edge wind turbine airfoil is investigated using numerical simulation methods. The effectiveness of the circulation control method in increasing lift and reducing drag is researched. The variation of lift and drag coefficients with the jet momentum coefficient is studied, and the aerodynamic figure of merit and the control efficiency of the circulation control with different jet momentum coefficients is analyzed. The results show that the circulation control can significantly enhance the lift coefficient of the blunt trailing edge airfoil, and effectively reduce the drag coefficient of the airfoil; the lift coefficient of the airfoil increases with the jet momentum coefficient, and two typical control regimes, namely, separation control and super-circulation control, are observed; the power coefficient of jet increases with increasing jet momentum coefficient, and growth rate gradually increases; the output power of blade also increases with increasing jet momentum coefficient, but the growth rate decreases gradually. It is demonstrated that the circulation control method can significantly improve the aerodynamic characteristics and power output characteristics of blunt trailing edge wind turbine airfoils, and it has a good application prospect in large wind turbine flow control.

CLC Number:

V211.3

Qiao Chenliang, Xu Heyong, Ye Zhengyin. CIRCULATION CONTROL ON WIND TURBINE AIRFOIL WITH BLUNT TRAILING EDGE[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2019, 51(1): 135-145.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig. 1 DU97-flatback airfoil and DU97-flatback-CC airfoil...

Table 1 Details of the grids employed for the DU97-flatback airfoil

Parameters	Coarse grid	Medium grid	Fine grid
wrap-around points	225	450	630
normal layers	100	200	283
total number of cells	2.25X10⁴	9.0X10⁴	17.8X10⁴
first layer spacing (c)	1.2X10^-5	0.8X10^-5	0.6X10^-5
spacing increasing ratio	1.20	1.13	1.10

Table 1 Comparison of lift and drag coefficients

Parameters	Coarse grid	Medium grid	Fine grid	cfd^[24]	Exp[²⁴]
Cl	1.7339	1.7292	1.7248	1.769	1.736
Cd	0.050 95	0.047 15	0.046 30	0.046 5	0.054 5

Fig. 2 Computational grid for DU97-flatback airfoil...

Fig. 3 Comparison of pressure coefficients of GACC airfoil...

Fig. 4 Flow field of GACC airfoil...

Fig. 5 Computational grid for DU97-flatback-CC airfoil...

Fig. 6 Comparison of lift and drag coefficient curves...

Fig. 7 Flow fields of two airfoils and the comparison of pressure coefficients...

Fig. 8 Variation of lift and drag coefficients with jetmomentumcoefficient...

Fig. 9 Comparison of pressure coefficients between different$C_{\mu }$...

Fig. 10 Flow fields of DU97-flatback-CC airfoil with different $C_{\mu }$...

Fig. 11 Variation of power coefficient with jet momentum coefficient...

Fig. 12 Illustration of pertinent parameters...

Fig. 13 $\eta_1$-$C_{\mu }$ and $\eta_2$-$C_{\mu }$ curves...

References 33

[1]	Aubrun S, Leroy A, Devinant P.A review of wind turbine-oriented active flow control strategies. Experiments in Fluids, 2017, 58: 134
[2]	Standish KJ, Dam CPV.Aerodynamic analysis of blunt trailing edge airfoils. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 2003, 125(4): 479-487
[3]	邓磊, 乔志德, 杨旭东等. 基于RANS方程大型风力机翼型钝尾缘修型气动性能计算. 太阳能学报, 2012, 33(4): 545-551
	(Deng Lei, Qiao Zhide, Yang Xudong, et al.Aerodynamics performance computational of trailing-edge-blunting methods of flatback airfoil for large wind turbine based on rans equation. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2012, 33(4): 545-551(in Chinese))
[4]	Manolesos M, Voutsinas SG.Experimental study of drag-reduction devices on a flatback airfoil. AIAA Journal, 2016, 54(11): 3382-3396
[5]	Baker JP, Mayda EA, Dam CPV.Experimental analysis of thick blunt trailing-edge wind turbine airfoils. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 2006, 128(4): 422-431
[6]	Mertes CE, Singh MJ, Strike JA, et al. A study of flatback airfoil in dynamic motion. AIAA paper2011-349, 2011
[7]	Sanaye S, Hassanzadeh A.Multi-objective optimization of airfoil shape for efficiency improvement and noise reduction in small wind turbines. Journal of Renewable & Sustainable Energy, 2014, 6(5): 5-15
[8]	Baker J, Dam CPV.Drag reduction of blunt trailing-edge airfoil//Milano: International Colloquium on Bluff Bodies Aerodynamics and Applications, 2008: 20-24
[9]	宋科, 郝礼书, 乔志德. 钝后缘翼型的后缘隔板减阻研究. 航空计算技术, 2010, 40(6): 62-65
	(Song Ke, Hao Lishu, Qiao Zhide.Blunt trailing-edge airfoils drag reduction with splitter. Aeronautical Computing Technique, 2010, 40(6): 62-65(in Chinese))
[10]	Manolesos M, Voutsinas SG.Experimental study of drag-reduction devices on a flatback airfoil. AIAA Journal, 2016, 54(11): 3382-3396
[11]	Nikoueeyan P, Strike JA, Magstadt AS, et al.Characterization of the aerodynamic coefficients of a wind turbine airfoil with a gurney flap for flow control applications//Proceedings of the 32nd AIAA Applied Aerodyanmics Conference, Atlanta, 2014: 16-20
[12]	Naghiblahouti A, Hangan H, Lavoie P.Distributed forcing flow control in yhe wake of a blunt trailing edge profiled body using plasma actuators. Physics of Fluids, 2015, 27(3): 035110
[13]	Englar R, Jones G, Allan B, et al. 2-D circulation control airfoil benchmark experiments intended for cfd code validation. {AIAA Paper}2009-902, 2009
[14]	Coanda H.Lifting device Coanda effect. US: 3261162, 1936
[15]	Jones GS, Joslin RD. Proceedings of the 2004 NASA/ONR circulation control workshop. NASA/CP: 2005-213509, 2005
[16]	Michailidis MG, Kanistras K, Agha M.Robust nonlinear control of the longitudinal flight dynamics of a circulation control fixed wing UAV//IEEE ed. IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE 56th Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), Melbourne, 2017.
[17]	Chen F, Arieli R.Lift build-up on circulation control airfoils. Journal of Aircraft, 2016, 53(1): 231-242
[18]	Forster M, Steijl R. Numerical simulation of transonic circulation control. AIAA Paper20151709, 2015
[19]	宋彦萍, 杨晓光, 李亚超等. 环量控制翼型中柯恩达效应的数值模拟. 工程热物理学报, 2010, 31(9): 1475-1479
	(Song Yanping, Yang Xiaoguang, Li Yachao, et al.Numerical simulation of coanda effect in circulation control airfoil. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2010, 31(9): 1475-1479(in Chinese))
[20]	Tongchitpakdee C, Benjanirat S, Sankar LN.Numerical studies of the effects of active and passive circulation enhancement concepts on wind turbine performance. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 2006, 128(4): 432-444
[21]	冯立好, 王晋军, Choi KS.等离子体环量控制翼型增升的实验研究. 力学学报, 2013, 45(6): 815-821
	(Feng Lihao, Wang Jinjun, Choi KS.Experimental investigation on lift increment of a plasma circulation control airfoil. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2013, 45(6): 815-821(in Chinese))
[22]	张艳华, 李林, 张登成等. 基于等离子体环量控制的翼型气动特性. 强激光与粒子束, 2017, 29(6): 50-55
	(Zhang Yanhua, Li Lin, Zhang Chengcheng, et al.Aerodynamics of airfoil based on plasma circulation control. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2017, 29(6): 50-55(in Chinese))
[23]	姜裕标, 张刘, 黄勇等. 内吹式襟翼环量控制翼型升力响应特性. 航空学报, 2018, 39(7): 121807
	(Jiang Yubiao, Zhang Liu, Huang Yong, et al.Lift response characteristics of a circulation control airfoil with internally blown flap. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2018, 39(7): 121807(in Chinese))
[24]	Barone MF, Berg D. Aerodynamic and aeroacoustic properties of a flatback airfoil: An update. {AIAA Paper}2009271, 2009
[25]	Jameson A, Baker TJ. Multigrid solution of the Euler equations for aircraft configurations. AIAA Paper19840093, 1984
[26]	Roache PJ.Quantification of uncertainty in computational fluid dynamics. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 1997, 29(29):123-160
[27]	Jones GS, Viken SA, Washburn A E, et al. An active flow circulation controlled flap concept forgeneral aviation aircraft applications. {AIAA paper}20023157, 2002
[28]	Sedaghat A, Hassanzadeh A, Jamali J, et al.Determination of rated wind speed for maximum annual energy production of variable speed wind turbines. Applied Energy, 2017, 205: 781-789
[29]	Jones GS, Lin JC, Allan BG, et al.Overview of CFD validation experiments for circulation control applications at NASA. International Powered Lift Conference, London, 2008: 22-24
[30]	朱自强, 吴宗成. 环量控制技术研究. 航空学报, 2016, 37(2): 411-428
	(Zhu Ziqiang, Wu Zongcheng.Study of circulation control technology. Acta Aeronatica et Astronautica Sinica, 2016, 37(2): 411-428(in Chinese))
[31]	Seifert A.Closed-loop active flow control systems: Actuators// King R eds. Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, Berlin: Springer, 2007
[32]	Seifert A, Eliahu S, Greenblatt D, et al.Use of piezoelectric actuators for airfoil separation control (TN). AIAA Journal, 1998, 36(8): 1535-1537
[33]	Stalnov O, Kribus A, Seifert A.Evaluation of active flow control applied to wind turbine blade section. Journal of Renewable & Sustainable Energy, 2010, 2: 063101