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中文核心期刊

海洋天然气水合物降压开采地层井壁力学稳定性分析

MECHANICAL STABILITY ANALYSIS OF STRATA AND WELLBORE ASSOCIATED WITH GAS PRODUCTION FROM OCEANIC HYDRATE-BEARING SEDIMENTS BY DEPRESSURIZATION

  • 摘要: 降压开采天然气水合物使其分解会导致储层孔隙度、渗透率、孔隙压力和岩层骨架有效应力发生改变, 同时降低沉积物的胶结程度, 使地层的抗剪强度和承载能力降低, 从而引起井壁失稳、海底滑坡、海底面沉降等工程问题. 为此, 在地下多相非等温数值模拟软件TOUGH+Hydrate框架内, 基于扩展的三维Biot固结理论, 考虑水合物分解相变、传热(T)、流动(H)、岩土体变形(M)等过程及其相互耦合作用, 建立了新的水合物开采传热-流动-力学(THM)耦合数学模型, 并开发有限元程序对其进行数值求解. 以中国南海神狐海域GMGS1航次SH2站位水合物储层条件为研究对象, 构建了垂直井降压开采THM耦合地层井壁稳定性分析模型, 预测了水合物开采过程中储层温-压-力场和水合物分解区的演化规律, 揭示了地层优势出砂区域和海底面沉降趋势. 结果表明: 储层降压导致地层有效应力增大, 进而引起井周地层发生沉降, 且地层的沉降主要发生在降压开采前期, 最大沉降位置位于井壁周围, 向储层内部延伸地层沉降量快速减小; 水合物分解导致井周地层力学强度降低, 加剧了储层的沉降; 井筒降压造成射孔段井壁应力集中最为明显, 从而造成井壁破坏的潜在风险, 这些区域正是水合物开采出砂防治的关键区域.

     

    Abstract: Gas production from hydrate-bearing sediment by depressurization will result in the changes of its porosity, permeability, pore pressure, effective stress and cementing strength, which will reduce the shear strength and carrying capacity of the hydrate-bearing sediments. As a consequence, the possible geohazards could trigger, such as wellbore instability, submarine landslide, and seafloor subsidence. Given this, based on the extended 3D Biot consolidation theory, the coupled thermo-hydro- mechanical (THM) model was built in the framework of TOUGH+Hydrate. The new THM model considers the coupling processes, including hydrate dissociation and formation, heat conduction, convection, and mechanical behavior of hydrate-bearing sediments. Taking the geologic data obtained from the Shenhu area SH2 site of South China Sea as an example, the THM coupling model for analyzing the mechanical stability of strata and wellbore using vertical well by depressurization was constructed. The evolution rules of reservoir temperature, pore pressure, stress, and hydrate dissociation zone during depressurization were predicted. In addition, the dominant sand producing region and seabed subsidence trend were revealed. The results show that the drawdown of reservoir pressure controls the increase in effective stress and strata subsidence around the production well. The subsidence mainly occurs in the early stage of depressurization, and the maximum subsidence is located around the production interval. The dissociation of hydrate results in significant decrease in the mechanical strength of sediments, which aggravates the subsidence. Wellbore depressurization results in the stress concentration in the perforation section significantly, which causes the potential wellbore damage. What's more, the stress concentration region is the key area for the prevention and control of sand production associated with hydrate production.

     

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